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The Zodiacal Rat or Zodiacal Mouse is the first of the repeating 12-year cycle of animals which appear in the Chinese zodiac, constituting part of the Chinese calendar system (with similar systems in use elsewhere). The Year of the Rat in standard Chinese is (Chinese: 鼠年; pinyin: shǔnián); the rat is associated with the first branch of the Earthly Branchsymbol子 (zǐ), which starts a repeating cycle of twelve years. The Chinese word shǔ (鼠) refers to variou types of Muroidea, such as rats and mice. The term 'zodiac' ultimately derives from an Ancient Greek term referring to a 'circle of little animals'. There are also a yearly month of the rat and a daily hour of the rat (Chinese double hour, midnight, 11:00 p.m. to 1:00 a.m.). Years of the rat are cyclically differentiated by correlation to the Heavenly Stems cycle, resulting in a repeating cycle of five years of the rat (over a sixty-year period), each rat year also being associated with one of the Chinese wu xing, also known as the 'five elements'.
First Year of the Rat[edit]
In Chinese tradition, the first year was the equivalent of 2637 BCE (although others give other dates). The Prime Minister of the first emperor, Huangdi is said in this year to have worked out the sixty year zodiacal cycle. Part of this achievement was the discovery and incorporation of the so-called nineteen year Metonic cycle which correlates lunar and solar dates, as part of the system (using leap months).[1]
Years and the Five Elements[edit]
People born within these date ranges can be said to have been born in the 'Year of the Rat', while bearing the following elemental sign:[2][3] The following is a chart of the dates of the Gregorian calendar.
| Start date | End date | Heavenly branch |
|---|---|---|
| 11 February 1804 | 30 January 1805 | Wood Rat |
| 23 January 1816 | 16 January 1817 | Fire Rat |
| 14 February 1828 | 3 January 1829 | Earth Rat |
| 2 February 1840 | 22 January 1841 | Metal Rat |
| 20 February 1852 | 3 February 1853 | Water Rat |
| 8 February 1864 | 26 January 1865 | Wood Rat |
| 26 January 1876 | 12 February 1877 | Fire Rat |
| 12 February 1888 | 30 January 1889 | Earth Rat |
| 31 January 1900 | 18 February 1901 | Metal Rat |
| 18 February 1912 | 5 February 1913 | Water Rat |
| 5 February 1924 | 23 January 1925 | Wood Rat |
| 24 January 1936 | 10 February 1937 | Fire Rat |
| 10 February 1948 | 28 January 1949 | Earth Rat |
| 28 January 1960 | 14 February 1961 | Metal Rat |
| 15 February 1972 | 2 February 1973 | Water Rat |
| 2 February 1984 | 19 February 1985 | Wood Rat |
| 19 February 1996 | 6 February 1997 | Fire Rat |
| 7 February 2008 | 25 January 2009 | Earth Rat |
| 25 January 2020 | 11 February 2021 | Metal Rat |
| 11 February 2032 | 30 January 2033 | Water Rat |
| 30 January 2044 | 16 February 2045 | Wood Rat |
| 15 February 2056 | 3 February 2057 | Fire Rat |
| 3 February 2068 | 22 January 2069 | Earth Rat |
| 22 January 2080 | 8 February 2081 | Metal Rat |
| 7 February 2092 | 26 January 2093 | Water Rat |
Lunar Mansion[edit]
In traditional Chinese astrology as well as traditional Chinese astronomy the sky was mapped into various asterisms or what are sometimes referred to as Chinese constellations. This is actually more similar to the zodiac of Western Astrology than is the 12 animal cycle. The stars along the plane of the ecliptic were divided into groups known as the Twenty-Eight Mansions. Because the moon during its monthly cycle could be observed to appear to move from one to the next each night in turn, they are also known as Lunar Mansions. Traditionally, these mansions were divided into four groups of seven each, and associated with one of four spiritual entities. The rat is generally associated with the celestial region of the Mystical Warior, or Xuánwǔ ((玄武)), and specifically with the mansion Xū (虛), which in turn is associated with the direction North and the darkest part of the the winter season, in the northern hemisphere.[4] (Xū (虛) is more-or-less equivalent to Beta Aquarii, also known as Sadalsuud).
Hour of the Rat[edit]
In old Chinese tradition, the hours of a day-night period were divided into 12 double-hours, each of which corresponding with one of the twelve signs of the Chinese zodiac, with similar symbolic motif and astrological significance. The first of the twelve double hours encompasses midnight, at the middle of the double hour, corresponding with 11:00 p.m. to 1:00 p.m., with midnight being the midpoint of the first double-hour, which is the Hour of the Rat, or the hour zǐ (子). [5]
Popular culture[edit]
In popular culture, the zodiacal idea of year of the rat is associated with various beliefs about prognostications for the upcoming year, lucky numbers, lucky colors, auspicious romantic connections, similarities between persons born in those years, correlations between Chinese astrology and Western astrology and the like. Traditional Chinese astrology and horoscopy has paid much more attention to the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches than to the zoology or symbolism of the 12 animals; rather the reference to the animals was more of a way of horology, keeping track of time. Nevertheless, modern times have shown an increased interest in the zodiacal animals, with a great deal of popular interest, in various places of the world. In any case, the rat has long been associated with keen and quick intelligence.[6]
Basic astrology elements[edit]
Popular culture links many aspects of the zodiac rat various ways:
| Earthly Branches: | Zi |
| The Five Elements: | Water |
| Yin Yang: | Yang |
| Lunar Month: | Eleventh |
| Lucky Numbers: | 2, 3, 6, 8; Avoid: 4, 5, 9 |
| Lucky Flowers: | Lily of each and every species |
| Lucky Colors: | gold, blue, green; Avoid: yellow, brown |
| Season: | Winter |
| Closest Western Zodiac: | Sagittarius |
Famous and infamous people[edit]
In popular culture, much attention is directed towards supposed similarities of personalities of persons born in the year of the rat. Supposed likenesses between persons born in the year of the rat are pointed to, with some similarity between the persons on the list being claimed. For example, Al Gore, Richard Simmons, William Shakespeare, T. S. Elliot, and George Washington, and more, are all presented as examples of some sort of theme based upon being born in the year of the rat.[7]
Compatibility[edit]
In popular culture, matches good or ill of a romantic or occupational nature between persons born in the year of the rat or otherwise are traditionally surmised:
Animal Jam Year Of The Rate
| Sign | Best Match/ Balance (1st Trine Group) | Match | No Match/ Rival-Enemy-Obstacle (Opposite Sign) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rat | Rat, Dragon, Monkey | Snake, Rooster, Ox, Pig, Rabbit, Goat, Dog, Tiger | Horse |
Cycle: (Trine Group) Rat needs Dragon, Dragon needs Monkey, Monkey needs Rat; (Opposite Sign) but his rival opposes the Horse.
The Jade Emperor and the race for zodiacal place[edit]
A popular modern story has it that the order of the animals in the twelve-year cycle was due to a competition between animal candidates, held by the ruler of Heaven, Earth, and Hell—the Jade Emperor. According to one version of this tale, the emperor's advisors selected twelve candidates from among the animal types, including the rat and the cat. The winner was to be selected based upon merit, as to personal appearance, lifestyle, and contributions to the world. Before the competition, the cat asked the rat for a wake up call in order to get to the show on time; however, the rat apprehensive of the competition, especially as to the cat's apparent beauty, did not wake the cat, who then overslept (and, ever afterwards, the embittered cat became a ratter and a mouser). The Jade Emperor mystified as to why there were only eleven candidate animals to show up inquired of his servants. These servants hastily acquired the first possible replacement animal which they encountered, (a pig). After the start of the competition, the rat achieved first place by performing on the flute while upon the back of the ox. Impressed, the Jade Emperor placed the rat at the beginning of the twelve-year cycle (and the ox second, for being so generous as to allow the rat to play the flute upon the ox's back). Then the other animals were placed in order according to the Jade Emperor's judgment.[8]
The zodiacal rat around the world[edit]
The zodiacal rat is known in other cultures besides China, in Asia and beyond. Generally, the rat/mouse is the first of a twelve year animal cycle, although some of the other animals tend to vary. In Japan, the rat is known as nezumi, and is the first in a twelve year zodiacal cycle of anmimals.[9] The Year of the Rat and the other zodiacal animals is celebrated during Chinese New Year, in many parts of the world, with the animal appropriate to each new year serving as an artistic motif for decorations. The Rat and other zodiacal animals are also a popular motif on postage stamps and coins minted by various countries.
People born in Year of the Rat[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rat (zodiac). |
- ^Palmer, Martin, editor, et al, (1986). T'ung Shu: The Ancient Chinese Almanac. Boston: Shambala, ISBN0-394-74221-4, 29-30.
- ^'Chinese New Year'. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
- ^'Chinese Zodiac - Rat'. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
- ^Wu, Zhonxian and Karin Wu (2014, 2016). Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches:TianGan DiZhi. London and Philadelphia: Singing Dragon, ISBN978-1-84819-208-9, 25-28 and 98
- ^Palmer, Martin, editor, et al, (1986). T'ung Shu: The Ancient Chinese Almanac. Boston: Shambala. ISBN0-394-74221-4, pp. 34-35
- ^Palmer, Martin, editor, et al, (1986). T'ung Shu: The Ancient Chinese Almanac. Boston: Shambala, ISBN0-394-74221-4, 35
- ^numerous sources for this can be easily found on the World Wide Web (many of them of a commercial nature), or in books such as Wu, Shelly (2005). Chinese Astology. Pompton Plains, New Jersey: Career Press. ISBN978-1-56414-796-7, p. 29
- ^Alston, Isabella and Kathryn Dixon (2014). Chinese Zodiac. (China: TAJ Books International) ISBN978-1-84406-246-1, pp. 14-15
- ^'Japanese Zodiac Signs and Symbols'. japanesezodiac.org/. 5 January 2012. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
Further reading and references consulted[edit]
- Alston, Isabella and Kathryn Dixon (2014). Chinese Zodiac. (China: TAJ Books International) ISBN978-1-84406-246-1
- Hale, Gill (2002). The Practical Encyclopedia of Feng Shui. New York: Barnes and Noble Books. ISBN0-7607-3741-X
- Wu, Zhonxian and Karin Wu (2014, 2016). Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches:TianGan DiZhi. London and Philadelphia: Singing Dragon. ISBN978-1-84819-208-9